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Bolts are used in all facets of human existence. Technically defined, a bolt is a threaded fastener that is intended for use with a nut. It can be made from many different materials: tempered steel, zinc, steel alloy, stainless steel, or brass, just to name a few. Most situations allow for free choice of component. However, stainless steel bolts are limiting due to the possible incidence of galling. Galling occurs when two components actually fuse together. It can be caused by heat treating or extreme temperatures.

Bolts can be either coarsely threaded or finely threaded. Each design has its advantages. Coarse threads are primarily used because of their availability and efficiency. In particular, coarse threads are preferred in high speed assembly processes because they have less possibility of seizing. A fine threaded bolt is stronger and less likely to loosen; the smaller thread incline acts as an enhanced grip. A couple of disadvantages of the fine threaded bolt are the increased chance of galling and the risk of damage to the bolt.

Many areas of manufacturing utilize only one type of bolt. Structural, carriage, flange and U-bolts are designed specifically for use in certain fields of industry. Structural bolts, which are large and have a hexagonal head, are used in the assembly of buildings and bridges. In suspension and similar areas of vehicles, the U-bolt (which is a U-shaped bolt that is threaded on both ends) is utilized. The carriage bolt is specifically meant to attach two-by-four legs to platforms. It can be easily recognized by the large round head and square neck. Finally, there is the flange bolt, which has a skirt of metal surrounding the bolt head to distribute the load of the bolt across the fastening surface. This increases the holding power by keeping the bolt from backing out of the surface.