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Leak detectors locate and determine the nature of liquid or gas system leaks. Some systems are pre-equipped with leak detectors, while other systems may require the purchase of permanent or portable sensors. Integrated leak detectors will indicate changes in system pressure, flow rates and/or excess fluid or gas, all of which are signs of potential system problems. Portable, non-integrated leak detectors enable users to pinpoint system leaks using sound, visible indicators, flame ionization or ultrasonic waves. These systems can be ideal for tracking gas leaks, especially in hydraulic and pneumatic circuits, as well as in the inspection of existing devices.

Integrated liquid leak detectors sometimes monitor fluid by measuring resistance across separate electrodes. The signal from the electrodes is fed through a controller, which translates it into a readable measurement of the liquid’s flow rates. These systems are useful within a number of closed applications, such as storage tanks. Ultrasonic leak detectors are also used to sense fluid leaks. Escaping fluids actually generate ultrasonic (and sonic) waves, which can be isolated and tracked by an ultrasonic detector. The effectiveness of these detectors is limited in certain low-pressure gas systems, but they are particularly useful at detecting leakage in steam traps and in-leakage into vacuum equipment.

Thermal conductivity detectors are exceptionally effective at detecting different gases over a wide range of concentrations. Essentially, heat dissipation changes with the concentration of gases. The detector measures this dissipation and is able to decipher the amount of gases in a given area—low levels can indicate a leak. The most sensitive leak detectors are electron-capture halogen leak detectors, used largely for refrigeration systems and some manufacturing testing. These detectors are generally not used in large-scale industrial applications due to certain aspects of its performance (excessive heat). Other leak detection systems abound; the key is discussing the best choice for your operation or system with a manufacturer or engineer.