More about Prototypes

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Prototypes are models of inventions that inventors create in order to get an idea of how a product would work in the real world and to receive input. A prototype comes in three stages of development. First is the crude prototype, which allows the inventor to get a better feel for the concept of the design. The second kind is the working prototype. This model allows users to try out some of the features of the invention. Finally, the final prototype functions just as the final product will, although it can be made from any kind of material.

There are many methods for constructing prototypes, but the two main categories of production are CNC machining and Rapid Prototyping (RP). In comparison, both methods have their advantages and drawbacks. With the invention of newer, rapid prototyping methods, CNC machining has increased in efficiency in order to compete.

CNC machining involves the use of a machine that has been programmed with CAD/CAM software. The prototype design is created in the program and produced by the CNC machine within an hour. Unlike rapid prototyping, CNC machining centers can produce prototypes in a wide selection of materials, such as plastic, wood, metal, and ceramics. It is also possible to create pieces of all sizes and complex shapes.

Rapid prototyping, also referred to as “layered manufacturing,” is a group of techniques used to quickly fabricate prototypes. By using three-dimensional CAD drawings, the RP machine processes the model, slicing it into many sections. Then a three-dimensional laser “draws” one of the layers on the inside of a vat of liquid plastic. The plastic hardens, is lowered by a platform by just a fraction of a millimeter, and the next layer is drawn. This process continues until the prototype is finished. Rapid Prototyping is able to produce highly convoluted shapes and is thus advantageous when considering a complex design however, it is not always a quick process. Depending on the nature and size of the prototype, one layer may take up to two minutes to complete. As well, after completion the plastic must be cured before it can be considered a finished product. Stereolithography, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Modeling, and LOM are examples of rapid prototyping techniques.

The need for prototypes in order to progress is evident by the increased invention of methods used to create them. As competition continues and technology advances the prototype will become easier and quicker to make.