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There are a number of techniques associated with rapid prototyping, which is also known as computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Essentially, rapid prototyping is the express manufacture of a model based on computer aided design (CAD). This model is typically not functional, but is important as a visual and dimensionally proportionate representation of the prototyped component. It can also be used to test certain attributes, such as fit with other pieces (provided they are also prototyped to scale) or interaction with certain environmental factors. Models are also effective in the generation of custom molds and casts, and can occasionally be used as finished parts.



Various rapid prototyping services are now available to customers. The original technique, stereolithography, remains the most popular and inexpensive method. It involves a vat of liquid photo-polymer and a laser beam. The laser beam traces the desired shape on the liquid polymer, which hardens in the beam. Once this layer is formed, the shape is lowered, and the next layer is traced above it. Each layer adheres to the previous one. Ultimately, stereolithography produces a finished 3D model comprised of a multitude of layers. This is a form of additive prototyping. Subtractive prototyping works in the opposite manner: material is removed from an existing plastic block by a precise cutting tool.



Other common forms of rapid prototyping services are selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, laminated object manufacturing and 3D printing. These methods all involve either additive or subtractive prototyping. Laser sintering, for instance, uses a high-power laser to fuse small particles into a workable model. Laminated object manufacturing cuts layer by layer of paper, adding them on top of one another until the desired shape has been created.



Rapid prototyping provides a number of advantages to manufacturers, as it helps reduce production errors and facilitates engineering design changes. In the near future, rapid prototyping may be able to produce a wide variety of finished goods, and could be used to assemble small electronic devices.