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The term robot covers a wide range of automated mechanical devices and systems. In industrial applications, robots are used to perform repetitive production and manufacturing tasks and high precision operations, provide physical control to a remote operator for hazardous or otherwise inaccessible materials and equipment, handle oversized or weighty components, and perform an extensive variety of custom functions.

Robots can be controlled by operators via servomotor/remote systems, various computer interfaces or by direct electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical connections. Most robots used in industrial applications are programmed to perform specific tasks, such as packaging, cutting, pouring and fastening, without an operator. These devices can be reprogrammed, if necessary, and typically offer a variety of manual overrides in case of system failure, jams or other problems.

Generally, the more complex the operation, the more sophisticated the robot required to perform it. The majority of industrial automation executes relatively simple repetitive tasks in mass production assembly lines, but the complexity of these operations has continued to increase as automation technology has advanced. Numerous industrial robots are now able to perform multiple tasks, rather than being designated to a single operation. Automation advances have also benefited robotics, as they have allowed for the production of more precise and sophisticated components.

Robots are also used in a number of other functions, from military to residential use. In military applications, robotic devices are already used to sweep for mines and other explosives, and are being tested for various combat uses. Aquatic and cosmonautic robots enable investigation of the deepest seas and distant planets. In medical and chemical research, robots allow scientists to manipulate hazardous materials or biological organisms without danger of contamination. Robots even serve a variety of domestic functions, from cleaning to entertainment, and the robotics industry continues to see exponential growth in the domestic market.