More about Pneumatic Tools (Air Tools)

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Pneumatic tools are mechanical instruments that are powered by compressed air. One of the most familiar pneumatic tools is the jackhammer, or pneumatic drill, but pneumatic nailers and staplers are the most common air powered tools. Other types include grinders, sanders, chippers, saws and shears. In some cases, these tools are much lighter than their electric- or gas-driven counterparts, because they do not need to incorporate a motor. All pneumatic tools, however, require some kind of air compressor, which feeds air to the tool through a high-pressure hose. Pneumatic power can be very advantageous in some systems, such as circumstances that preclude the use of electric motors (i.e., when explosive gases are present). But the required hose and power unit can be troublesome for certain applications, particularly in tight spaces or situations where noise control is a factor. There are also certain dangers associated with heavy duty pneumatic tools, including flying parts and separated attachments. Eye protection should be worn by users at all times, and locking devices are recommended for attachments.

Air compressors power pneumatic tools by feeding them a constant stream of highly pressurized air. In an air compressor, the incoming air is forced into a smaller volume, and therefore pressurized, by an electric- or gas-driven device. The methods in which this pressurization is accomplished can vary from pistons used to compact the air to rotating positive-displacement helical screws that force the air into a smaller space. The pressurized air is fed into a storage tank, which connects through a hose to the pneumatic devices. The pneumatic tool also has its own small air reservoir where it stores a small amount of the pressurized air. When the trigger of the tool is pressed, it releases the air, powering the device.

Typical industrial pneumatic tools run between 80 to 100 pounds per square inch (psi), which is considerably less pressure than is associated with hydraulic devices. Still, it is more than enough to power many of the tools used in pneumatic applications—although hydraulics may be required for more intensive operations. Most common pneumatic devices, from band saws, screw drivers and rock drills to riveters and mufflers, operate on this power level.