Adhesives for Automotive Interiors

Publisher: Bostik

Format: PDF
Date: 2008-11-18

Overview:
The focus of this paper is to help an engineer understand factors behind selecting and matching the proper adhesive with the proper process. It provides background information about different types of adhesives used in automotive interior assembly, and familiarizes the reader with different processes used with adhesives, while introducing the basic types of equipment associated with adhesives and processes. A list of questions to be answered before beginning any project requiring adhesives, along with some common interior trim adhesive applications and it's interchangeably terms is included. This paper also covers the main types of hot melt adhesives, liquid adhesives, uses of gaskets and sealants, and types of pre-applied adhesives. It concludes by stating that choosing proper adhesive for any specific application can be a confusing task, considering that many different types of adhesives work for any given application.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.	Questions to Answer Before Getting Started	2
2.	Automotive Interior Adhesive Applications	3
2.1.	Headliners	3
2.2.	Consoles	3
2.3.	Door Panels	3
2.4.	Flooring	3
2.5.	Instrument Panels	3
2.6.	Pillar Assemblies	3
2.7.	Seating	3
2.8.	Water-Management Systems	3
3.	Common Adhesive Terms	4
3.1.	Adhesive	4
3.2.	Abrasion Resistance	4
3.3.	Adhesion	4
3.4.	Adhesion Failure	4
3.5.	Adhesion Promoter	4
3.6.	Aging / weathering	4
3.7.	Antioxidant	4
3.8.	Bonding Time	4
3.9.	Bond Strength	4
3.10.	Carrier	4
3.11.	Cohesion	4
3.12.	Cohesive Failure	5
3.13.	Cohesive Strength	5
3.14.	Core Size	5
3.15.	Cross-linking	5
3.16.	Cure	5
3.17.	Cure-time	5
3.18.	Creep	5
3.19.	Delamination	5
3.20.	Dry Time	5
3.21.	Dry Weight / Wet Weight	5
3.22.	Elongation	5
3.23.	Filler	5
3.24.	Glass transition temperature	5
3.25.	Gram Weight Designation	5
3.26.	Green time	5
3.27.	Laminate	5
3.28.	Lap Sheer	6
3.29.	Melt Point	6
3.30.	Mil Thickness	6
3.31.	Minimum Bondline Temperature	6
3.32.	Open Time	6
3.33.	Peel Adhesion	6
3.34.	Peel Strength	6
3.35.	Pigment	6
3.36.	Plasticizer	6
3.37.	Polyurethane (PU)	6
3.38.	SAFT (Sheer Adhesion Failure Temperature)	6
3.39.	Pressure Bonding	6
3.40.	Pretreatment	6
3.41.	Pot life: (aka Thermal Stability)	6
3.42.	Release Liner	7
3.43.	Residual Moisture	7
3.44.	Set Time	7
3.45.	Shear Strength	7
3.46.	Shelf Life	7
3.47.	Specific Gravity (SG)	7
3.48.	Solids Content	7
3.49.	Softening Point	7
3.50.	Surface Tension	7
3.51.	Substrate Failure	7
3.52.	Surface Tension	7
3.53.	Ultimate Adhesion	7
3.54.	Viscosity	7
3.55.	Weathering	8
3.56.	Wet Out	8
3.57.	Yield Point	8
3.58.	Yield Strength	8
4.	Types of Adhesives Used for Automotive Interiors	9
4.1.	Hot Melt Adhesives	9
4.2.	Liquid Adhesives	9
4.3.	Gasket and Sealants	9
4.4.	Pre-Applied Adhesives	9
5.	Types of Hot Melt Adhesives	10
5.1.	APAO (Amorphous Poly Alpha Olefin)	10
5.2.	PSA (Pressure Sensitive Adhesive)	10
5.3.	PSA (Pressure Sensitive Adhesive)	10
5.4.	Hot Melt Polyurethane	10
6.	Glossary of Terms Associated with Hot Melts	11
6.1.	Foamability	11
6.2.	Hot Melt Adhesive	11
6.3.	Hot Tack	11
6.4.	Initial Bonding	11
6.5.	Joint gap	11
6.6.	Joint Thickness	11
6.7.	Melt Point	11
6.8.	Open Time	11
6.9.	Polyamide, PA	11
6.10.	Pot Life	11
6.11.	Ring & Ball Softening Point	11
6.12.	Pot life: (AKA: Thermal Stability)	11
6.13.	Softening Point	11
6.14.	Set Time	11
6.15.	Tack	11
6.16.	Tack Free Time	11
7.	Types of Liquid Adhesives	12
7.1.	One-Component Water Based (or Waterborne) Materials	12
7.2.	Two-Component Water Based Materials	12
7.3.	One-Component Solvent Based Materials	12
7.4.	Waterborne Pressure Sensitive Materials	12
8.	Terms used with Liquid Adhesive	13
8.1.	Activator	13
8.2.	Carrier	13
8.3.	Contact Adhesive	13
8.4.	Contact Pressure	13
8.5.	Core Size	13
8.6.	Dry Time	13
8.7.	Dry Weight / Wet Weight	13
8.8.	Gram Weight Designation	13
8.9.	Minimum Bondline Temperature	13
8.10.	Moisture Content	13
8.11.	Residual Moisture	13
8.12.	Solids Content	13
8.13.	Solvent	14
8.14.	Solvent Borne Adhesive	14
8.15.	Volume Shrinkage (%)	14
8.16.	Wet Out	14
8.17.	Working Life	14
9.	Gaskets and Sealants	15
9.1.	Gaskets	15
9.1.1.	One-component polyurethane	15
9.1.2.	Two-component polyurethane	15
9.2.	Sealants	15
9.2.1.	Thermoplastic Sealers	15
10.	Types of Pre-Applied Adhesives	16
10.1.	Web adhesives	16
10.2.	Film adhesives	16
10.3.	Preformed tapes	16
11.	Adhesive Processes	16
11.1.	Surface Treatments	17
11.1.1.	Corona Treatment	17
11.1.2.	Plasma Treatment	17
11.1.3.	Liquid & solvent primers	17
11.1.4.	Surface roughing	17
11.2.	Spray applied processes	17
11.3.	Roll Coat applied processes	18
11.4.	Contact or Pressure Bonding processes	18
11.5.	Pre-applied processes	18
11.6.	Screen printing processes	18
11.7.	Bead applied processes	19
11.8.	Vacuum-forming processes	19
12.	Conclusion	20